Essay on Breast Cancer Case Study - 642 Words

Luis F Vega Jr NUR 1211 Breast Cancer Case Study Mrs. Thomas, a 57 year old married lawyer, was found to have a 4 X 6 cm firm, fixed mass in the upper, outer quadrant of the right breast during a routine physical examination, and a stereotactic core biopsy indicated a malignant tumor. Although the surgeon recommended a mastectomy because of the size of the tumor, Mrs. Thomas chose to have a lumpectomy. Now three weeks postoperative, she is scheduled for chemotherapy. Subjective Data Never had a routine mammogram Never practiced Breast Self-Examination (BSE) States she deserves to have breast cancer for being so careless about her health Chose to have a lumpectomy to remove the tumor despite its large size because she believes†¦show more content†¦What can the nurse do to help Mrs. Thomas reduce or manage the common physical effects of the chemotherapy? Nausea Vomiting - anti-emetic drug, eat and drink slowly, drinking enough fluids Mouth sores (Mucositis) – OTC anesthetics, ice chips or popsicles, gargling Diarrhea - drink plenty of fluids, high-protein foods, cooked vegetables, fresh fruits without the skin Hair loss - wear some kind of head covering (scarf, turban, hat, or wig) 4. What does the finding that Mrs. Thomas’s tumor is estrogen receptor-positive mean? What additional treatment modalities might this suggest? This means that estrogen, but not progesterone, may be supporting the growth and spread of the cancer cells. Your doctor usually will prescribe some form of hormonal therapy at some point in your treatment plan. 5. How could the nurse help Mrs. Thomas cope with her feelings of guilt and maintain a positive relationship with her husband? The nurse could listen to and explore Mrs. Thomas’s feeling of guilt. Inform her about support groups and counseling that are available in her area. 6. What are some possible reasons that Mrs. Thomas did not perform BSE or have mammography performed? Not confident in the technique of BSE Fear that something may be found Losing her sexual identityShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer Case Study929 Words   |  4 PagesIn the present study, we found that rate of pCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 24.7% (n=25) in the whole cohort (n=101). This finding was consistent with the range of pCR rates to prospective randomized trials of preoperative chemotherapy of 15%-40% mentioned in the literature (Burstein et al., 2008). Moreover, high Ki-67 expression (cutoff 14%) was significantly correlated with achieving a pCR in the large cohort (p=0.016). This result matched with the finding of several studies that reported thatRead MoreBreast Cancer Case Study1234 Words   |  5 Pagesultimately lead to the progression of oral cancer. (Lee et al, 2010). c‑myc was among the first oncogenes found to be amplified in breast cancer, and it can contribute to many other forms of cancer (Victoria and Michael, 2007). It is a critical downstream effector of the Wnt/TCF pathway in colon cancer and activation of Myc might play a predominant role in the pathogenesis of tumors like pediatric hepatoblastoma (Sansom et al, 2007; Cairo et al, 2008). A study done in south Indian population has shownRead MoreBreast Cancer Case Study803 Words   |  4 Pagessecondary organs fibronectin expression is upregulated by primary tumors via resident fibroblasts, which serves as a docking site for VEGFR1+ hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) clusters and secondary seeding. During metastasis of breast cancer to lung, interaction of VCAM-1+ cancer cells with VLA-4-expressing macrophages, activat es PI3K/Akt signaling in tumor cells, protecting them from caspase-induced apoptosis. Bone metastasis is also facilitated by interaction of VCAM1 with different integrin partnerRead MoreBreast Cancer Case Study1306 Words   |  6 Pagesmetastases have caused substantial mortality and morbidity in cancer patients. Approximately 15% of women with breast cancer will be diagnosed with brain metastases (Zakaria et al., 2014). With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the quality of the patient’s life could be enhanced. Therefore, it is vital for patients with a known primary tumour to undergo imaging studies once they develop neurological signs and symptoms. Imaging studies aid to accurately identify the type, number, size, and locationRead MoreAdult Case Study : Male Breast Cancer3050 Words   |  13 Pages Adult Case Study: Male Breast Cancer Carly Regan Loyola University Chicago Introduction Overview When the topic of breast cancer is discussed in conversation, most will think of it as a female diagnosis. While the greatest percentages of patients diagnosed with breast cancer are female, it is still possible that males can be diagnosed. It is a diagnosis that practitioners should always keep in the back of their minds as a differential when a male presentsRead MoreBreat Cancer Screening Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesBREAST CANCER SCREENING DR. DANA MORTEZ ARLECIA PURVIS JULY 17, 2011 Current research shows mammograms are stronger than in the past. In a recent study it has confirmed that mammograms benefit for women in their forties and fifties. Women feel confident about the benefits that are associated with a regular mammograms for finding cancer early. However, mammograms can have their limitations. A mammogram will miss some cancers, and it sometimes can leadRead MoreThe Treatment Of Breast Cancer1309 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease occurring in women in Saudi society. After study and research, it found that two-thirds of the injuries in the Saudi society are diagnosed in advanced stages. The reasons for that are the lack of education for necessary of Self-examination and clinical examination annual, leading to the spread of the disease further. In addition to genetic changes, environmental pollution, bad lifestyle , Obesity ,Lack of exercise are also factorsRead MoreGenome Wide Association Studies Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pageswide association study has been very useful in the recent years. It has helped researchers to detect genes that are not detected that easily. With the detection, it helps the researchers to prevent and treat the particular disease. Breast cancer has been one of the most common cancer in the world and the most common in women. Even though, breast cancer is detected easily with mammograms or self examination there are times where it c an be hard to detect. Genome wide association studies help to identifyRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Malignant Tumor1203 Words   |  5 PagesChapter I - Introduction Breast cancer is defined as a malignant tumor in the cells of the breast. A cancerous tumor develops when a group of malignant cells invade the tissue surrounding the breast and can spread to other parts of the body (Cancer.org, 2015). This type of cancer is most common in women. However, men can also fall victim to the disease. In 2015, about 230,000 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed in women and approximately 40,000 women will die from this disease (CancerRead MoreStrength Of Association1146 Words   |  5 Pagesrule out causality and may still be of significant effect on the disease under study. This is applied in a case where the exposure is in a common population. For instance passive smoking and lung cancer (Risk Ratio: 1.3) (Morein Stuart, n.d). Consistency: Repeated observation of an association in a different population under different circumstances showing the same results suggests that the results of a single study are not due to chance. Criticism: This should be applied cautiously to avoid chances

Christianity The Absolute Truth Of All Things - 1130 Words

Of all the religions I ve studied, I can relate most to Christianity and I believe Christianity encompasses the absolute truth of all things. Christianity makes the most sense to me on a variety of levels. My own personal experience with Christ, the philosophical and scientific answers it provides, the uniqueness of the scriptures, the character of the Old Testament prophets and Jesus, the transforming power I have seen it have on others and the hope it provides are a few of the factors that led me into Christianity. I don t consider the crux of Christianity to be religion, I think it is a relationship with God through Jesus Christ. I heard one pastor ascribe the mantra of religion as I obey, therefore, I am accepted and the mantra of the gospel is I m accepted, therefore, I obey. I also think that nominal Christians have turned many away from the truth of the this faith. I grew weary of the church people and was turned off by the hypocrisy I was experiencing. This led me on a path o f agnosticism with bouts of atheism for awhile. When I was 22, my pregnancy led me to really became deeply aware of my sins which led me into prayer and a turning away from those things. After my son was born, I was so full of love and appreciation towards God and I was determined to get to know everything I could about Him. I don t think I would have come to that kind of love and appreciation if I had not first be made aware of the gravity of sin as the bible describes it. My firstShow MoreRelated Hypocrisy and Christianity Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesHypocrisy and Christianity If one were to ask the American public about their views of Christians, what response would one receive? We can imagine that there would be a great variety of answers. However, most people might say that, in general, Christians are not very different from everybody else. This is a problem. There are many people who claim to be Christians whose lifestyles do not reflect their beliefs. The problem with this situation is that it gives non-Christians the wrong impressionRead MoreEthics: Moral Absolutes Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesSchaeffer mean when he said that not all things are the same to God? Christian ethics is inseparable from theology because it is grounded in the character of God. Francis Schaeffer said that not all things are the same to God and means that God exists and has a character, but not all things are the same to him. Some things conform to His character, and some are opposed to his character. 2. What did Schaeffer conclude about a society without moral absolutes? Do we see this in society? SchaefferRead MoreAn Analytical Look At The Proposed Death Of God1649 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical death and the consequences of that theory, such as the case for rationalism and subjective morality, in light of current affairs and new arguments are astronomical and the logic only follows that any contradiction of a theory makes the entire thing incorrect (Bendz). In order to find fault within Nietzsche’s case for God’s death, one must first understand the ideas behind such radical thoughts. Long before Nietzsche’s time, the â€Å"Moral Argument for God† was proposed, which stated that God mustRead MoreChristianity : The Flying Spaghetti Monster1361 Words   |  6 PagesAgnosticism, and there is even the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster. People all over the world, whether as a group or not, have faith in different beliefs. Most of the time, it depends solely on what region of the world they are in. In America, the religion that is predominant is Christianity. What do most people think of when asked about the opposite of Christianity? The answer is well known: Atheism. Christianity is the belief that there is a supreme being, specifically God, and that he is theRead MoreThinking Scientifically to Find the Truth Essay example779 Words   |  4 PagesThinking Scientifically to Find the Truth Humanity has been searching for the truth since the beginning of time. This search has produced many things like science, which has greatly advanced the cause that created it. There are many inherent problems in science, and it is not necessary to think scientifically in order to find the truth. There are many types of truth, but the most fascinating one is absolute truth. The basics elements of science, however, make it almost impossible for scienceRead MoreComparison Between Nietzsche And Kierkegaard1244 Words   |  5 Pagessubject that is debated on the concepts of thinking in absolutes. The need to compare and contrast these two is a volatile understanding of this particular philosophical theory. It is also important to review their thoughts and critique them in the sense of saying what makes sense, and what does not make sense. Starting with Kierkegaard, it is best to understand that he has a deep fulfillment to God and that he feels is the absolute. This absolute is to live in the realm of a paradox and that paradoxRead MoreBiblical Discourse : The Peaceable Kingdom By Stanley Hauerwas936 Words   |  4 Pagesand teaches throngs of people. After teaching, He performed a miracle so that the crowd. After all had eaten Jesus advised his disciples with these words, â€Å"When they were filled, he said unto his disciples, Gather up the fragments that remain, that nothing be lost (Bible Hub).† It was Jesus’ desire that the fragments of the meal be collected and not wasted. Jesus wants the same for his children in all areas of life, especially in the area of ethics. He wants nothing squandered or lost, but thatRead MoreChristianity And The Religions Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesChristianity and the Religions Essay Man is called to proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ and show as many people the way to eternal life, as possible. Because we live in a world of philosophical, cultural, and religious diversity, it is imperative that we interact with people from all walks of life. Christian dialogue with others from various religions can be enlightening – solidifying what we believe as followers of Christ. Accepting people with their various faiths allows us as ChristiansRead MoreMorality And Tolerance Paper :1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Me Generation† I’ve been born into has a belief system that you should do whatever makes you happy. But when every person has his own beliefs about what’s right and what’s wrong; there will always be contradictions. It’s inevitable. Christians all over America struggle with the choices of morality daily too. In May 2008, the Barna Group conducted a survey of 1003 adults (18 and older). (The Barna Group) They said it was indicated that about 55% of adults talk about moral issues with others duringRead MoreMoral Relativism in the Dark Knight746 Words   |  3 Pagesview on life. Even though he murders innocent people, tortures others for amusement, and manipulates everyone he meets, he does not view his actions as wrong. In fact, he does not even believe in an absolute right. He believes that everyone else is crazy for thinking that there is a right and wrong that all people should follow, and he believes that he is the sane one. He thinks that he is one step ahead of everyone in the world because he does not play by the universe’s rules; he creates his own. He

Harpo Productions Inc Free Essays

HARPO Productions Inc. is a privately held company and it was founded by Oprah Winfrey and her lawyer Jeff Jacobs in 1986; a production company that used her first name spelled backwards. In 1988, the company took full charge of Winfrey’s show. We will write a custom essay sample on Harpo Productions Inc or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also includes HARPO Films and HARPO Radio, Inc. The facilities are on the city’s Near West Side neighborhood of Chicago and with additional offices in Los Angeles. In 1990s, â€Å"This Company had annual revenues of about $150 million with the number employees working for this company† (Encyclopedia of Chicago). The HARPO Productions, Inc. operates as a subsidiary of HARPO Entertainment Group. The organization has grown to include over 220 people, of whom 68 percent are women and has a modest turnover of 10 to 15 percent. In 2002, The Oprah Winfrey Show impressed the industry with an average of 7. 2 million viewers per episode, beating the second-ranked show by 35 percent. (â€Å"Oprah. com†) The HARPO Productions Inc. is the â€Å"umbrella company† for the entertainment and media entrepreneur, talk show, host, actress, and producer Oprah. Winfrey used her popularity on television to expand into movie production and publishing, making her the most successful African American business owner in the United States and one of the wealthiest entertainers in the world. † (â€Å"Reference for Business†) The HARPO Productions Inc. is one of the most successful corporation in the entertainment history. HARPO Productions Inc. has an internship program to help students and you ng professionals offering a platform in the business world. This will provide the possibility for them to be hired in a future and become successful intern’s students who demonstrate dedication and good learning skills. Oprah is the most interested and committed to concentrate on important topics in order to help others to succeed in life, for example – alcoholism or building family relationships. Throughout the years she has learned how many people suffer with these two big issues, and therefore; she dedicated many of her shows specifically to this topic. Moreover; it helped a lot to increase the power of her show and her popularity in many different ways. The main goal is to help people to feel better in their own lives. The Chief Executive Officer of the company, Oprah Winfrey started her career in 1973 as a broadcasting reporter on a radio station in Nashville, Tennessee. Later, in January 1984, she began to host WLS-TV’ program – a morning talk show in Chicago, which in September 1985 became â€Å"The Oprah Winfrey Show†. According to Business Network BNET â€Å"on September 8, 1986. ‘The Oprah Winfrey Show’ was televised nationwide. Less than a year later, the program was ranked the top syndicated talk show in the United States†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. In June 1987 the show received three Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Host, Outstanding Talk/Service Program, and Outstanding Direction. † The â€Å"Oprah Winfrey Show† stayed number one day time talk show for 12 years strait and winning twenty five Emmys plus seven that went to Oprah herself. Despite Oprah’s difficult childhood, in 1988 she became â€Å"the first woman in the history to own and produce her own talk show†. (www. fundinguniverse. om) Today, Oprah is an owner and the chair of HARPO Productions Inc; along with HARPO Stu ¬dios, HARPO Films, HARPO Print LLC; and HARPO Video, with a total net worth of over $1 billion. Oprah is the Chairman and Chief Executive officer but Erik Logan and Sheri Salata have been named Co-Presidents of HARPO Productions Inc. Both are to continue being presidents with remaining base at HARPO Productions headquarters in Chicago. Tim Bennett was the active president until May of this year and Douglas J. Pattison is the Chief Financial Officer. According to the article â€Å"Bloomberg Businessweek† the â€Å"Salata and Logan will lead HARPO Productions efforts as the company develops new programming beyond for â€Å"The Oprah Winfrey Show† for the syndication, prime, cable, radio, digital, and emerging platforms. † The idea is for Salata to continue in her role as the executive producer until the end of â€Å"The Oprah Winfrey Show† 25th season that is going to be next year in 2011. Oprah Winfrey announced an agreement with the Discovery Health Network in which she will over the net work, renaming it OWN (Oprah Winfrey Network). With a network under her name, she hopes to inspire viewers to greater actions. Oprah is a leader through her show and on-air book club because she motivates the viewers to change their habits. †I said from the beginning that this was an opportunity to step out of the box and make the kinds of shows that make my heart sing,† She noted. â€Å" It’s about unleashing the power of human potential; that’s what it’s all about† (Oprah. com). As the years progressed, Oprah quickly realized that she needed to drastically change the direction which her show was heading. She used renewal strategy to differentiate her show from other day time talk shows. She moved away from thrilling and controversial stuff and started using more positive topics. She began to focus on promoting constant inspiration and personal and professional growth. The main targets are women ages18 and up but Oprah is not shying away from male’s listeners either. Several of her shows were done specifically for men or were focusing on men’s issues. Her show began to feature poetry, music, literature, as well as human issues, which helped to create much stronger relationship with her audience. To expand her audience, Oprah added to her repertoire Oxygen Media a cable channel, O – The Oprah Magazine, and the Oprah’s Book Club on-air reading club. All of these medias have the same core value – they all promote personal growth and share the life-enriching mission and message of the founder and guiding force of HARPO Productions Inc. – Oprah Winfrey. The fundamental believe of HARPO Productions Inc. is that media can make a positive difference and that individuals can change the world for better place. This includes the definition of social responsibility â€Å"to do the right things and act in ways that are good for society†. (textbook, pg 93) Some of the examples of making the world a better place are topics related to spirit, health, relationships, books, money, world, and community. For instant: Oprah is reaching out to her audience with plea to help children of abuse. She â€Å"initiated The National Child Protection Act†(www. fundinguniverse. com) in 1993, the Oprah Bill, which established a â€Å"national database of all convicted child abusers. † (www. fundinguniverse. om) Several of her shows were done on catching predators, child molesters, convicted child sexual offenders, and interviews with detectives and police officers dealing with this particular issue were Oprah asked her audience to help to catch these fugitives. The viewers respond was enormous because her listeners are mainly women and moms and for them the number one priority is the safety of their children. Another example would be the creation of â€Å"Oprah’s Angel Network† where Oprah is encouraging her audience to do charitable work (volunteer for Habitat for Humanity) and make â€Å"charitable financial contributions†(www. fundinguniverse. om) for example to provide scholarships for college students. Oprah understands that not everybody have means to help financially and therefore according to Look to The Stars, The World of Celebrity Giving â€Å"Oprah gave 300 members of her audience $1000 each to donate to a charity of their choice. † Also, she encourages her viewers to help out in their own communities by donating time and skills. There is no surprise why in 2004, Oprah Winfrey show became the top-rated day time talk show for 17 years with 48 million viewers, or why she was awarded with â€Å"Favorite Talk Show Host† at the 30th Annual People’s Choice Awards that year. The HARPO Productions Inc. Strategic Management Process of identifying companies mission, goal and strategy was extremely successful. According to â€Å"HARPO Creative Works† the â€Å"mission statement for Oprah Winfrey Show is to use television to transform people’s lives; to uplift, entertain and enlighten; to make viewers see themselves differently; and to bring a sense of fulfillment into every home. † If Oprah didn’t change the curse her show was heading, she would be probably stuck somewhere in between all the other similar day time talk shows as Maury Povich show or Martha Stewart show. This is exactly why HARPO Productions Inc. has been so triumphant. HARPO Productions Inc. competitive strategy is to be significantly different. Oprah successfully managed to differentiated her talk show from all the other shows that use scandalous, shallow, and sensational topics. She became an icon and yet stayed approachable at the same time. According to â€Å"Syndication’s Stars: Trustworthy And Influential† the â€Å"Influential Personality Index† illustrates how far ahead from other competitors Oprah’s personality ranked. Influential Personality Index Oprah Winfrey 554 Dr. Phil McGraw 306 Tyra Banks 236 Judge Cristina Perez 235 Ellen DeGeneres 223 Judge Lynn Toler 215 Judge Joe Brown 208 Judge Judy Sheindlin 195 Rachael Ray 187 Regis Philbin 186 The undeniable bond between her and her audience based on trust, honesty, and truth ensures loyal viewers. Moreover; the fact that Oprah shares her personal life, her personal struggles and AHA moments with her audience makes her even more human and real, therefore; her audience can relate, which creates even stronger connection in between the two. There are not that many talk show hosts that reveal the true ups and downs of their personal lives to their viewers. For example Martha Stewart is a convicted felon which makes her a less trustworthy as a role model. The strong connection is not limited to only U. S. audience. The Oprah Winfrey Show is available to over 120 countries worldwide. Some of the episodes focus on global issues and perspectives, which would be another area where Oprah show is differentiating itself from the other shows. The geocentric attitude episodes are focusing on women and the lifestyle in different countries, probable issues and problems women have to face on everyday basis, but also what might be enriching for U. S. women when they see what other cultures do, don’t do, or do differently. For that matter the show features â€Å"the world’s most engaging guests from the famous to everyday people all changing the world in which we live. † (harpocreativeworks. tv/info) Oprah is reaching out to every home on the planet with the mission â€Å"to make viewers see themselves differently; and to bring a sense of fulfillment. â€Å"(harpocreativeworks. tv/info) There is no other show that does that. The purpose of each show is to inspire the audience and let each message provoke an actions. The talk show host Oprah Winfrey with her dynamic personality has an unique power of â€Å"Magic Touch†. She can turn books into bestsellers, every product mentioned on her show experiences rocketing sales. According to Latif Lewis’ article from Daily Finance â€Å"an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show [illustrates] just how influential the media mogul can be on product sales†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. It’s quite amazing, the effect that a vote of confidence from one human being can have† on success of single product or business as a whole. Moreover; Oprah’s enormous competence consists in turning â€Å"no names† into a brand names. The article of Latif Lewis, â€Å"Oprah’s magic touch can make or break your business† talks about Lisa Price and her â€Å"beauty and skin-care line† and how this not so known beauty products had a very valuable promotion: â€Å"an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show†. After that, Lisa Price was experiencing extremely high demand for her products. She made some financial deals and her â€Å"company took off. Carol’s Daughter stores can now be found in several U. S. states and the products are carries in retailers like Sephora and Macy’s†. How to cite Harpo Productions Inc, Papers

Elasticity free essay sample

Elasticity of demand is the measure of consumer response to a change whether an increase or decrease in price. There are three categories that the response of the consumer can be grouped into: elastic, inelastic and unit elasticity. The calculation is relatively simple and the answer or the coefficient will be compared to the number 1. This number will always be positive and if our calculation gives us a negative number we take the absolute value. We divide the percent of change in demand by the percent change in price. For example if the price of milk went up 10 % and the change in demand went down by 1% we would divide . 10 by . 01. This would give us an answer of . 1. Given that . 1 is less than 1 we know that the good, in this case milk, would be inelastic. This means that over the short run price does not have a high impact on demand. If we were to look at a different good or service we may see different results. We will write a custom essay sample on Elasticity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example if the price of movie tickets increased by 10% and the demand decreased by 20% we would apply the same calculation. We would need to divide . 20 by . 1 which would give us a coefficient of 2. 2 is greater than 1 so we can say that this good falls into the category of being elastic. Although rare the third category that a good or service can fall into is called unit elasticity. Unit elasticity is when the percent change in price is equal to the percent change in demand. For example if the cost of books increased by 10 percent and the demand decreased by 10 percent then when we divided . 1 by. 1 we would get an answer of 1. When this happens we know that this item has unit elasticity. B. Cross price elasticity helps us determine the relationship between two different products. We calculate this by dividing the percent change in demand for product Y by the percent change of price in product X. This calculation will help us identify whether the products are substitute or complementary goods. Unlike our calculation for Elasticity of demand we compare our answer here to the number zero. We use both positive and negative numbers. If we were to compare movie tickets which had a 5 percent increase in price to popcorn which had a 10 % decrease in demand we would calculate this by dividing . 05 by -. 1 we get an answer of -2. This of course is less than zero so we know that these two products are categorized as complementary. C. Income elasticity is the measure of demand changes in comparison with the change in personal income. This will help us categorize products into two categories inferior and superior goods. This is also measure up against zero and allows for both positive and negative values. The calculation is done by dividing the percent change in demand of a specific product by the percent change in income. As an example if we were to see how consumers respond to a 10 percent increase in relation to demand for high definition televisions. If we were to suppose demand increased by 5 per cent we would calculate this by dividing . 05 by. 1 which would result in an answer of . 5. We know this item would be considered a normal or superior good since our answer is a positive number. If we were to look at the demand of DVD players in relation to a 10 percent increase in personal income and we have a 25 percent decrease in demand we would divide -. 25 by . 1 which would result in an answer of -2. 5. Since this number is less than zero we would categorize this product as an inferior good. D. Lets refer back to our earlier example using red and green grapes. When we performed our calculation we discovered â€Å"Availability of Substitutes† exists for red grapes. This means that there are options for substitutes that consumers find acceptable. If we go to Safe way and see that red grapes are 3 dollars more than green grapes it is reasonable to choose the green grapes. Since there are available substitutes that are easily accessible this keeps demand elastic E. â€Å"Proportion of Income Devoted to a Good† is a concept that looks at the percent of personal income that is dedicated to a particular good or service. We have been dealing with change in percentage so price can changes can appear equal but that can have significant impact depending on what the proportion of income is. F. For example each month I pay for my Netflix subscription. For this discussion let’s say it represents 1 percent of my income. I also pay 1600 dollars a month in rent each month. If both of these items were to experience a 10 percent price increase the impact would be very different. My Netflix would go from 10 to 12 dollars. This would be irritating but insignificant. My rent however, would go from 1600 to 1920 a month. This would be unsustainable for me to maintain. Over the short term I would more than likely have limited options such as first and last month saved etc. so I may get a roommate but over the long run I would have time to choose a more reasonably priced place to live that met my needs. Demand becomes more elastic over the long run because consumers have time to â€Å"shop around† and find other solutions. G. The price range the areas on the demand curve where demand is elastic is between $80 and $50 and the qty is between 1 and 4. The price range where the demand is unit elastic is between$50 and $40 and the qty is between 4 and 5. The area of the demand cure where demand is inelastic is between $40 and $0 dollars and the quantity is between 5 and 9. We can determine this one of two ways. First is by using the calculation we discussed earlier for elasticity of demand. Second would be to use the Total Revenue Test. When demand is elastic price will decrease while revenue increases. When demand is unit elastic price will decrease however revenue will remain the same. When demand becomes inelastic price will decrease as well as revenue.