Smoking and Adolescents

being australian essays

being australian essays What is the Australian National Identity? Who can decide what it is? Who is truly Australian? These questions have been asked throughout this countrys short life. Many have different views on what is what, but I believe that you cant really just say well this is what an Australian is and thats that. But there are definitely unique qualities about Australians that are evident. The booklet entitled Being Australian has many different representations on what is Australian, these are the images that ...During the colonial era, many of the true Australian qualities were shown. They showed, resourcefulness, independence, mateship, egalitarianism, and endurance to name a few...Distinct Australian qualities(traits) were seen to be identifiable and reflected the democratic and egalitarian values and aspirations of the people. There were other people with very strong views on what is Australian. By the term Australian we mean not just those who have been merely born in Australia. All white men who come to these shores- with a clean record- and who leave behind them the memory of class distinctions and the religious differences of the old world; all men who place the happiness, the prosperity, the advancement of their adopted country before the interests of imperialism are Australian. Then there were other people like Henry Lawson who described the typical Australian as having, pessimism, callousness, atheism and stoic endurance. But unfortunately, according to Fred Broomfields, Henry Lawson is not the seizer and historian of the typical Australian, simply because there is no such being...But these things are common to all isolated people. Fred Broomfields, also wrote that there is the typical small town Australian. ...

Unwritten Laws of Engineering and Laws of Personality Assignment - 5

Unwritten Laws of Engineering and Laws of Personality - Assignment Example Skakoon asserts that these laws are like the norms of a society, which cannot be violated through impunity on a frequent basis.There are three major dimensions of unwritten laws of engineering that need to be taken into consideration. The first essence of unwritten engineering law that needs to be given consideration by engineers is: Lessons that need to be learned by beginners in the engineering field; these lessons cover three major issues, which are:   - Issues related to their work: Beginners in the engineering field are required to give their first duty, no matter how minor they may appear, a high sense of commitments and professionalism.   - Issues ascribed to their supervisors: According to Skakoon 2001, engineering supervisors have the right to know the level of progress of activities in their departments. In this regard, beginners in the engineering field are required to ensure that their supervisors are kept up-to-date on issues affecting their duties (10).   - An interpersonal relationship between them and their colleagues as well as their supervisors: In addition, Skakoon asserts that beginners in the engineering field should endure that they maintain a good inter-personal relationship between their colleagues and other stakeholders. This can be achieved through proper communication techniques and keeping an information update.Another dimension of unwritten laws of engineering is the chiefly relationship with engineering managers. The article explicates three techniques that can be applied to achieve this, they include:  Ã‚   - Technique and Individual Behavior: According to Skakoon 2001, the need to know about what is going on by a manager in an engineering department is another unwritten law of engineering. This can be achieved through collaborations and facilitating a positive relationship between the manager and their subordinate staff (23).   - What managers owe their employees: Skakoon notes that engineering managers are the face of their organizations. In this regard, they are required to facilitate a positive representation of their subordinate staff.

Fair Trade Degree Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fair Trade Degree - Essay Example While the banks do not accept that the unfairness rules of the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contract Regulations apply, the OFT argue that such rules apply. A swift determination of this issue will assist expeditiously resolve the fairness issue of these charges.2 The 1999 Regulations, implementing the Directive, revoked and replaced the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contract Regulations 1994. The 1999 Regulations apply in relation to terms in contracts concluded between a seller or a supplier and a consumer (Regulation 4(1)). Regulation 5(1) provides: "A contractual term which has not been individually negotiated shall be regarded as unfair if, contrary to the requirement of good faith, it causes a significant imbalance in the parties' rights and obligations arising under the contract, to the detriment of the consumer." Regulation 5(5) provides that Schedule 2 to the 1999 Regulations contains an indicative and non-exhaustive list of the terms which may be regarded as unfair. Regulation 8(1) provides that an unfair term in a contract concluded with a consumer by a seller or supplier shall not be binding on the consumer. Regulation 8(2) provides that the contract shall continue to bind the parties if it is capable of continuing in existence without the unfair term. The only material exception to the applicability of the test of fairness set out in 1999 Regulations is contained in Regulation 6(2) relating to what are called, for short, "core terms": "In so far as it is in plain intelligible language, the assessment of fairness of a term shall not relate- (a) to the definition of the main subject matter of the contract, or (b) to the adequacy of the price or remuneration, as against the goods or services supplied in exchange". Banks enter into personal current account agreements with their customers who are consumers, containing the terms and conditions relating to the operation of those current accounts by such customers. In so far as any of these terms and charges are contained in documents which are described as notices to, guides to, or communications with, customers, they are nevertheless to be considered as terms of a contract between the Bank and its customers for the purposes of the 1999 Regulations, whether or not they are described as terms or as "policies of the bank" or as anything else. The Banks' current account agreements typically provide or provided for three types of payments to be demanded from customers in connection with unauthorised overdrafts: A fee charged by Banks: (a) when a customer seeks to operate his current account in a way that will result in the account being debited despite there being insufficient available funds to support the debit but the Bank nevertheless agrees to ef fect payment, causing the account to go into overdraft or further overdraft, or to exceed, or further exceed, an already agreed overdraft limit; when a customer moves into or is in an unauthorised overdrawn position within a specified period. A returned item fee, e.g. as in the previous case, a cheque is presented but in this case the Bank declines to authorise payment because there are insufficient funds, and the cheque has to be returned to the payee marked "R/D" or "RDPR" or "Effects uncleared". An increased rate of interest charged on unauthorised overdrafts granted in the circumstances set out above. The provisions in the

Undercover Police Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Undercover Police Work - Essay Example when unaccountability in such an area may lead to impractical situations, thereby defeating the aim and purpose of such an act being authorized in the first place. As for ethics, secret operations may be criticized on the basis that such they interfere with a person’s right to privacy and goes on tamper and infringe other’s right. This would be apparent in situations where such acts are found to be on erroneous or based on incorrect information. Furthermore, such acts lead to moral uncertainties. As such operations may lead to corruption of the police officer, disciplinary problems and psychological issues. These are clear cut suggestions that ethical problems do arise when undercover police operations take place. Even though it may be argued that facilitative operations and authorized criminality are necessary for upkeep of law, there are clear cut ethical as well as practical issues, some of which might be tackled and borne in mind before supporting such

Sustainable Architecture And Passive Housing Construction Essay

Sustainable Architecture And Passive Housing Construction Essay In the daily life, a lot of people past by some of these words: sustainable architecture or green buildings; however, they dont the meaning of it. For that reason, Ive decided to write about passive housing, which is a type of sustainable architecture. But before starting discussing the topic, a brief introduction to sustainable architecture will be given. There are a lot of definitions for sustainable architecture; nevertheless, there are two definitions that simple and exact idea about it. The first one is Environmentally-friendly houses and commercial buildings that are designed and built using sustainable building technologies, sustainable building materials, and sustainable energy systems, that dont burden future generations with environmental and financial debts. (Sustainable Architecture) And other defection was defined by architect Robert Berkebile, Sustainable Architecture is a design that improves the quality of life today, without diminishing it for the next generation. (Sustainable Architecture) In short, sustainable architecture is a way of building house and commercial buildings to save the environment for the future. Sustainable architecture isnt a new technology. It started developing in Europe since almost 500 years ago. It started by simple idea, which indicates how houses can be cool in summer and warm in winter by using minimum energy. Now days, they have more complicated ideas such as: producing their own electricity and recycling waste. That is because of the new technological advances, human has been developing over the years. There are three types of sustainable architecture mostly common and they are: zero energy buildings, passive housing and law energy housing. Is sustainable architecture that important to be developing for all of these years? In fact, its an important factor of saving the environment from depletion. According to the National American Homebuilders Association, a typical, (non-sustainable) stick-built or wood-frame home was 2,085 square feet and required  more than one acre of trees/forest; moreover, the waste created during the construction of this typical home averages between 3 tons to 7 tons, for every new house built. It only saves construction materials, but also reduces the consumption of energy and water. Passive house have one main principle which is reduce the energy lost in the house. But how can it be done. Its done by isolating the building and using the energy of people and the households. Passive house is very energy efficient because it use only 10% of energy that regular house use. This amount of energy is used for heating, hot water, and household electricity. In May 1988, Professors Bo Adamson of Lund University, Sweden, and Dr. Wolfgang Feist of the Institut fà ¼r Wohnen und Umwelt (Institute for Housing and the Environment) had a conversation about the Passive House standard originated. As result of the conversation, they developed the concept of passive housing by doing many research projects which have been supported financially by the German state of Hesse. The first passive house buildings were built in 1990 in Darmstadt, Germany. The Passivhaus Institut (the passive house institute) was established in September 1996. The concept of passive housing became more commercialized and following the  European Union  sponsored  CEPHEUS  project in winter of 2000-2001. Moreover, in 2003 the first passive house was built in North America, Urbana, Illinois. Since the institute was founded, 15,000 passive houses were built worldwide. Most of these houses were built in Germany andAustria. Figure Time Line of the History of Passive Housing The Design of Passive Housing There are mainly two key elements from designing a passive house, which are the orientation of the building and the construction material. The Orientation of the Building: The first feature that should be considered before building a passive house is the orientation of the house that is because it is the key of the utmost energy production. Since the solar energy is the most reliable energy for the house, the house should be directed to the sun. On the other hand, the wind also should be considered because it can cool the house during winter. For these reasons, the house is directed to the east-west axis and most of the windows are ought to be on the south wall of the house. In this way, the house will get maximum of sunlight and minimum of wind entering the house. Although, these conditions work perfectly in winter, there is other condition should be thought of in summer which is shading. Shading is important because it reduces the sunlight getting into the house. This is the main technique that passive house uses to heat and cool itself. The Construction Material: Figure How passive house works? As any ordinary house, passive house has the same basic building material, but it is only enhanced to maximize the energy gained and minimize the lost. Concrete, bricks and stone are the basic material for building a passive house because they can absorb the energy from the sun fully and gradually. As result of the long period of energy absorbing, a phenomenon which is called lag happens. Lag is the warm sunlight which was absorbed during the day then released slowly during the night. There three types of windows glass and they are: one pane, two pane and three pane windows. One pane and two pane windows are commonly used in normal houses; however, three pane windows are used in passive house. Moreover, they are made from three glass panes which are split by air or Argon gas. This makes the window more insulated that prevents cold air getting in and decreasing the heat getting out. Because of the house is insulated, Mechanical Ventilation is used in the house to proved fresh air and heat. It gets fresh air from and takes out the polluted air from the house while it heat the fresh air by absorbing the heat from the polluted air. Also, all passive houses have solar panels that convert the sun light to electricity that serves the house. Moreover, some of the houses have wind tribunes which also provide it with electricity. The wind tribunes are installed only if the area where the house is built has sufficient amount of wind. There are many advantages of building house passively. The cost of electricity is very low which is about 100à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ a year. Also, it is eco-friendly because it uses less electricity and that lead to less consumption of petroleum product, nature gas, coal and wood. These products release a lot Carbon Dioxide (CO2) that pollute the air which leads to global warming. In addition, it improved the sustainability of the house. Furthermore, it helps people who have allergies by reducing their symptoms. It is reduced because the air ventilation system cleans the air from dust are pollution. However, there is one disadvantage of passive housing that is air tightness, so without an efficient air ventilation system that keep the air clean and preserve an excellent humidity percentage in the house. Conclusion To summarize, sustainable architecture is the way of building without harming the environment. There are many ways of sustainable architecture, and one of them is passive housing. It has one key principle which is minimizing the energy lost from the house. Passive housing is new trend which started in 1988. The standards of passive housing are set by Professors Bo Adamson and Dr. Wolfgang Feist. The standards of passive housing have two main ideas which are the orientation of the building and the construction material. The cost of passive housing is higher than a normal house by 5-15%. Eco friendly and cost efficiency are advantages of passive housing, but air tightness is a disadvantage.

plotlear Parallel Plots of Shakespeares King Lear Essay examples --

The Parallel Plots of Shakespeare's King Lear   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many works of literature contain parallel plots in which similar actions taken by various characters precipitate identical results.   Upon careful examination, it is evident that â€Å"such plots exist in Shakespeare's play King Lear with the deaths of King Lear, Cordelia, Edmund, and Goneril, among others† (Curry 17).   The betrayal of a commitment to an authority figure is the cause behind each of the above characters' death.   Likewise, the consistent loyalty of Kent, the Fool, and Edgar is rewarded when they outlive their traitorous peers. King Lear, who as a divine-right king derives his power from God, betrays God's will when he transfers his kingdom to his daughters, Reagan and Goneril.   When Lear states that his purpose in doing so is "To shake all cares and business from our age, / Conferring them on younger strengths while we / Unburdened crawl toward death." (Shakespeare 2) he declares his intention to delegate his power so that he is no longer bothered with great responsibilities.   In this self-serving act, Lear is unfaithful to God, whose wish it was for Lear to rule for a lifetime.   Later, God's wrath is apparent in Act III Scene II when Lear speaks to a tempest, a manifestation of God's anger at the strife within the kingdom, and tells it to "Rumble thy bellyful! Spit, fire! Spout rain! / Nor rain, wind, thunder, fire are my daughters" (Shakespeare 60).  Ã‚   Evidently, upon seeing the tempest, Lear is aware that he made a mistake and betrayed God's trust.   In speaking to the tempest, he asks for God to correct the situation by causing Reagan and Goneril to fall from power.   As a result of his unfaithfulness to God, Lear dies of a broken heart in the end of ... ...the conclusion of the play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As is by now apparent, there are a multitude of parallel plots within Shakespeare's play King Lear.   In each plot, a character's breach of loyalty condemned the character to certain death in the final scene of the play.   Several of the characters who exhibited treachery and later died were King Lear, Cordelia, Edmund, and Goneril.   Accordingly, Kent, the Fool, Edgar, and Albany all survived the play because they did not cast aside their loyalties. Works Cited and Consulted Bradley, A.C. Shakespearean Tragedy. Macmillan & Co., 1965 Curry, Walter. Studies of the Structure of Shakespeare. London: Mass Peter  Smith, 1968.  Ã‚   Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of King Lear.   Ed. Russell Fraser.   New York: Penguin, 1998. Webster, Margaret. Shakespeare Without Tears. Greenwich: Fawcett Publications, Inc., 1996.