Essay on Breast Cancer Case Study - 642 Words

Luis F Vega Jr NUR 1211 Breast Cancer Case Study Mrs. Thomas, a 57 year old married lawyer, was found to have a 4 X 6 cm firm, fixed mass in the upper, outer quadrant of the right breast during a routine physical examination, and a stereotactic core biopsy indicated a malignant tumor. Although the surgeon recommended a mastectomy because of the size of the tumor, Mrs. Thomas chose to have a lumpectomy. Now three weeks postoperative, she is scheduled for chemotherapy. Subjective Data Never had a routine mammogram Never practiced Breast Self-Examination (BSE) States she deserves to have breast cancer for being so careless about her health Chose to have a lumpectomy to remove the tumor despite its large size because she believes†¦show more content†¦What can the nurse do to help Mrs. Thomas reduce or manage the common physical effects of the chemotherapy? Nausea Vomiting - anti-emetic drug, eat and drink slowly, drinking enough fluids Mouth sores (Mucositis) – OTC anesthetics, ice chips or popsicles, gargling Diarrhea - drink plenty of fluids, high-protein foods, cooked vegetables, fresh fruits without the skin Hair loss - wear some kind of head covering (scarf, turban, hat, or wig) 4. What does the finding that Mrs. Thomas’s tumor is estrogen receptor-positive mean? What additional treatment modalities might this suggest? This means that estrogen, but not progesterone, may be supporting the growth and spread of the cancer cells. Your doctor usually will prescribe some form of hormonal therapy at some point in your treatment plan. 5. How could the nurse help Mrs. Thomas cope with her feelings of guilt and maintain a positive relationship with her husband? The nurse could listen to and explore Mrs. Thomas’s feeling of guilt. Inform her about support groups and counseling that are available in her area. 6. What are some possible reasons that Mrs. Thomas did not perform BSE or have mammography performed? Not confident in the technique of BSE Fear that something may be found Losing her sexual identityShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer Case Study929 Words   |  4 PagesIn the present study, we found that rate of pCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 24.7% (n=25) in the whole cohort (n=101). This finding was consistent with the range of pCR rates to prospective randomized trials of preoperative chemotherapy of 15%-40% mentioned in the literature (Burstein et al., 2008). Moreover, high Ki-67 expression (cutoff 14%) was significantly correlated with achieving a pCR in the large cohort (p=0.016). This result matched with the finding of several studies that reported thatRead MoreBreast Cancer Case Study1234 Words   |  5 Pagesultimately lead to the progression of oral cancer. (Lee et al, 2010). c‑myc was among the first oncogenes found to be amplified in breast cancer, and it can contribute to many other forms of cancer (Victoria and Michael, 2007). It is a critical downstream effector of the Wnt/TCF pathway in colon cancer and activation of Myc might play a predominant role in the pathogenesis of tumors like pediatric hepatoblastoma (Sansom et al, 2007; Cairo et al, 2008). A study done in south Indian population has shownRead MoreBreast Cancer Case Study803 Words   |  4 Pagessecondary organs fibronectin expression is upregulated by primary tumors via resident fibroblasts, which serves as a docking site for VEGFR1+ hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) clusters and secondary seeding. During metastasis of breast cancer to lung, interaction of VCAM-1+ cancer cells with VLA-4-expressing macrophages, activat es PI3K/Akt signaling in tumor cells, protecting them from caspase-induced apoptosis. Bone metastasis is also facilitated by interaction of VCAM1 with different integrin partnerRead MoreBreast Cancer Case Study1306 Words   |  6 Pagesmetastases have caused substantial mortality and morbidity in cancer patients. Approximately 15% of women with breast cancer will be diagnosed with brain metastases (Zakaria et al., 2014). With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the quality of the patient’s life could be enhanced. Therefore, it is vital for patients with a known primary tumour to undergo imaging studies once they develop neurological signs and symptoms. Imaging studies aid to accurately identify the type, number, size, and locationRead MoreAdult Case Study : Male Breast Cancer3050 Words   |  13 Pages Adult Case Study: Male Breast Cancer Carly Regan Loyola University Chicago Introduction Overview When the topic of breast cancer is discussed in conversation, most will think of it as a female diagnosis. While the greatest percentages of patients diagnosed with breast cancer are female, it is still possible that males can be diagnosed. It is a diagnosis that practitioners should always keep in the back of their minds as a differential when a male presentsRead MoreBreat Cancer Screening Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesBREAST CANCER SCREENING DR. DANA MORTEZ ARLECIA PURVIS JULY 17, 2011 Current research shows mammograms are stronger than in the past. In a recent study it has confirmed that mammograms benefit for women in their forties and fifties. Women feel confident about the benefits that are associated with a regular mammograms for finding cancer early. However, mammograms can have their limitations. A mammogram will miss some cancers, and it sometimes can leadRead MoreThe Treatment Of Breast Cancer1309 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease occurring in women in Saudi society. After study and research, it found that two-thirds of the injuries in the Saudi society are diagnosed in advanced stages. The reasons for that are the lack of education for necessary of Self-examination and clinical examination annual, leading to the spread of the disease further. In addition to genetic changes, environmental pollution, bad lifestyle , Obesity ,Lack of exercise are also factorsRead MoreGenome Wide Association Studies Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pageswide association study has been very useful in the recent years. It has helped researchers to detect genes that are not detected that easily. With the detection, it helps the researchers to prevent and treat the particular disease. Breast cancer has been one of the most common cancer in the world and the most common in women. Even though, breast cancer is detected easily with mammograms or self examination there are times where it c an be hard to detect. Genome wide association studies help to identifyRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Malignant Tumor1203 Words   |  5 PagesChapter I - Introduction Breast cancer is defined as a malignant tumor in the cells of the breast. A cancerous tumor develops when a group of malignant cells invade the tissue surrounding the breast and can spread to other parts of the body (Cancer.org, 2015). This type of cancer is most common in women. However, men can also fall victim to the disease. In 2015, about 230,000 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed in women and approximately 40,000 women will die from this disease (CancerRead MoreStrength Of Association1146 Words   |  5 Pagesrule out causality and may still be of significant effect on the disease under study. This is applied in a case where the exposure is in a common population. For instance passive smoking and lung cancer (Risk Ratio: 1.3) (Morein Stuart, n.d). Consistency: Repeated observation of an association in a different population under different circumstances showing the same results suggests that the results of a single study are not due to chance. Criticism: This should be applied cautiously to avoid chances

Christianity The Absolute Truth Of All Things - 1130 Words

Of all the religions I ve studied, I can relate most to Christianity and I believe Christianity encompasses the absolute truth of all things. Christianity makes the most sense to me on a variety of levels. My own personal experience with Christ, the philosophical and scientific answers it provides, the uniqueness of the scriptures, the character of the Old Testament prophets and Jesus, the transforming power I have seen it have on others and the hope it provides are a few of the factors that led me into Christianity. I don t consider the crux of Christianity to be religion, I think it is a relationship with God through Jesus Christ. I heard one pastor ascribe the mantra of religion as I obey, therefore, I am accepted and the mantra of the gospel is I m accepted, therefore, I obey. I also think that nominal Christians have turned many away from the truth of the this faith. I grew weary of the church people and was turned off by the hypocrisy I was experiencing. This led me on a path o f agnosticism with bouts of atheism for awhile. When I was 22, my pregnancy led me to really became deeply aware of my sins which led me into prayer and a turning away from those things. After my son was born, I was so full of love and appreciation towards God and I was determined to get to know everything I could about Him. I don t think I would have come to that kind of love and appreciation if I had not first be made aware of the gravity of sin as the bible describes it. My firstShow MoreRelated Hypocrisy and Christianity Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesHypocrisy and Christianity If one were to ask the American public about their views of Christians, what response would one receive? We can imagine that there would be a great variety of answers. However, most people might say that, in general, Christians are not very different from everybody else. This is a problem. There are many people who claim to be Christians whose lifestyles do not reflect their beliefs. The problem with this situation is that it gives non-Christians the wrong impressionRead MoreEthics: Moral Absolutes Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesSchaeffer mean when he said that not all things are the same to God? Christian ethics is inseparable from theology because it is grounded in the character of God. Francis Schaeffer said that not all things are the same to God and means that God exists and has a character, but not all things are the same to him. Some things conform to His character, and some are opposed to his character. 2. What did Schaeffer conclude about a society without moral absolutes? Do we see this in society? SchaefferRead MoreAn Analytical Look At The Proposed Death Of God1649 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical death and the consequences of that theory, such as the case for rationalism and subjective morality, in light of current affairs and new arguments are astronomical and the logic only follows that any contradiction of a theory makes the entire thing incorrect (Bendz). In order to find fault within Nietzsche’s case for God’s death, one must first understand the ideas behind such radical thoughts. Long before Nietzsche’s time, the â€Å"Moral Argument for God† was proposed, which stated that God mustRead MoreChristianity : The Flying Spaghetti Monster1361 Words   |  6 PagesAgnosticism, and there is even the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster. People all over the world, whether as a group or not, have faith in different beliefs. Most of the time, it depends solely on what region of the world they are in. In America, the religion that is predominant is Christianity. What do most people think of when asked about the opposite of Christianity? The answer is well known: Atheism. Christianity is the belief that there is a supreme being, specifically God, and that he is theRead MoreThinking Scientifically to Find the Truth Essay example779 Words   |  4 PagesThinking Scientifically to Find the Truth Humanity has been searching for the truth since the beginning of time. This search has produced many things like science, which has greatly advanced the cause that created it. There are many inherent problems in science, and it is not necessary to think scientifically in order to find the truth. There are many types of truth, but the most fascinating one is absolute truth. The basics elements of science, however, make it almost impossible for scienceRead MoreComparison Between Nietzsche And Kierkegaard1244 Words   |  5 Pagessubject that is debated on the concepts of thinking in absolutes. The need to compare and contrast these two is a volatile understanding of this particular philosophical theory. It is also important to review their thoughts and critique them in the sense of saying what makes sense, and what does not make sense. Starting with Kierkegaard, it is best to understand that he has a deep fulfillment to God and that he feels is the absolute. This absolute is to live in the realm of a paradox and that paradoxRead MoreBiblical Discourse : The Peaceable Kingdom By Stanley Hauerwas936 Words   |  4 Pagesand teaches throngs of people. After teaching, He performed a miracle so that the crowd. After all had eaten Jesus advised his disciples with these words, â€Å"When they were filled, he said unto his disciples, Gather up the fragments that remain, that nothing be lost (Bible Hub).† It was Jesus’ desire that the fragments of the meal be collected and not wasted. Jesus wants the same for his children in all areas of life, especially in the area of ethics. He wants nothing squandered or lost, but thatRead MoreChristianity And The Religions Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesChristianity and the Religions Essay Man is called to proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ and show as many people the way to eternal life, as possible. Because we live in a world of philosophical, cultural, and religious diversity, it is imperative that we interact with people from all walks of life. Christian dialogue with others from various religions can be enlightening – solidifying what we believe as followers of Christ. Accepting people with their various faiths allows us as ChristiansRead MoreMorality And Tolerance Paper :1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Me Generation† I’ve been born into has a belief system that you should do whatever makes you happy. But when every person has his own beliefs about what’s right and what’s wrong; there will always be contradictions. It’s inevitable. Christians all over America struggle with the choices of morality daily too. In May 2008, the Barna Group conducted a survey of 1003 adults (18 and older). (The Barna Group) They said it was indicated that about 55% of adults talk about moral issues with others duringRead MoreMoral Relativism in the Dark Knight746 Words   |  3 Pagesview on life. Even though he murders innocent people, tortures others for amusement, and manipulates everyone he meets, he does not view his actions as wrong. In fact, he does not even believe in an absolute right. He believes that everyone else is crazy for thinking that there is a right and wrong that all people should follow, and he believes that he is the sane one. He thinks that he is one step ahead of everyone in the world because he does not play by the universe’s rules; he creates his own. He

Harpo Productions Inc Free Essays

HARPO Productions Inc. is a privately held company and it was founded by Oprah Winfrey and her lawyer Jeff Jacobs in 1986; a production company that used her first name spelled backwards. In 1988, the company took full charge of Winfrey’s show. We will write a custom essay sample on Harpo Productions Inc or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also includes HARPO Films and HARPO Radio, Inc. The facilities are on the city’s Near West Side neighborhood of Chicago and with additional offices in Los Angeles. In 1990s, â€Å"This Company had annual revenues of about $150 million with the number employees working for this company† (Encyclopedia of Chicago). The HARPO Productions, Inc. operates as a subsidiary of HARPO Entertainment Group. The organization has grown to include over 220 people, of whom 68 percent are women and has a modest turnover of 10 to 15 percent. In 2002, The Oprah Winfrey Show impressed the industry with an average of 7. 2 million viewers per episode, beating the second-ranked show by 35 percent. (â€Å"Oprah. com†) The HARPO Productions Inc. is the â€Å"umbrella company† for the entertainment and media entrepreneur, talk show, host, actress, and producer Oprah. Winfrey used her popularity on television to expand into movie production and publishing, making her the most successful African American business owner in the United States and one of the wealthiest entertainers in the world. † (â€Å"Reference for Business†) The HARPO Productions Inc. is one of the most successful corporation in the entertainment history. HARPO Productions Inc. has an internship program to help students and you ng professionals offering a platform in the business world. This will provide the possibility for them to be hired in a future and become successful intern’s students who demonstrate dedication and good learning skills. Oprah is the most interested and committed to concentrate on important topics in order to help others to succeed in life, for example – alcoholism or building family relationships. Throughout the years she has learned how many people suffer with these two big issues, and therefore; she dedicated many of her shows specifically to this topic. Moreover; it helped a lot to increase the power of her show and her popularity in many different ways. The main goal is to help people to feel better in their own lives. The Chief Executive Officer of the company, Oprah Winfrey started her career in 1973 as a broadcasting reporter on a radio station in Nashville, Tennessee. Later, in January 1984, she began to host WLS-TV’ program – a morning talk show in Chicago, which in September 1985 became â€Å"The Oprah Winfrey Show†. According to Business Network BNET â€Å"on September 8, 1986. ‘The Oprah Winfrey Show’ was televised nationwide. Less than a year later, the program was ranked the top syndicated talk show in the United States†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. In June 1987 the show received three Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Host, Outstanding Talk/Service Program, and Outstanding Direction. † The â€Å"Oprah Winfrey Show† stayed number one day time talk show for 12 years strait and winning twenty five Emmys plus seven that went to Oprah herself. Despite Oprah’s difficult childhood, in 1988 she became â€Å"the first woman in the history to own and produce her own talk show†. (www. fundinguniverse. om) Today, Oprah is an owner and the chair of HARPO Productions Inc; along with HARPO Stu ¬dios, HARPO Films, HARPO Print LLC; and HARPO Video, with a total net worth of over $1 billion. Oprah is the Chairman and Chief Executive officer but Erik Logan and Sheri Salata have been named Co-Presidents of HARPO Productions Inc. Both are to continue being presidents with remaining base at HARPO Productions headquarters in Chicago. Tim Bennett was the active president until May of this year and Douglas J. Pattison is the Chief Financial Officer. According to the article â€Å"Bloomberg Businessweek† the â€Å"Salata and Logan will lead HARPO Productions efforts as the company develops new programming beyond for â€Å"The Oprah Winfrey Show† for the syndication, prime, cable, radio, digital, and emerging platforms. † The idea is for Salata to continue in her role as the executive producer until the end of â€Å"The Oprah Winfrey Show† 25th season that is going to be next year in 2011. Oprah Winfrey announced an agreement with the Discovery Health Network in which she will over the net work, renaming it OWN (Oprah Winfrey Network). With a network under her name, she hopes to inspire viewers to greater actions. Oprah is a leader through her show and on-air book club because she motivates the viewers to change their habits. †I said from the beginning that this was an opportunity to step out of the box and make the kinds of shows that make my heart sing,† She noted. â€Å" It’s about unleashing the power of human potential; that’s what it’s all about† (Oprah. com). As the years progressed, Oprah quickly realized that she needed to drastically change the direction which her show was heading. She used renewal strategy to differentiate her show from other day time talk shows. She moved away from thrilling and controversial stuff and started using more positive topics. She began to focus on promoting constant inspiration and personal and professional growth. The main targets are women ages18 and up but Oprah is not shying away from male’s listeners either. Several of her shows were done specifically for men or were focusing on men’s issues. Her show began to feature poetry, music, literature, as well as human issues, which helped to create much stronger relationship with her audience. To expand her audience, Oprah added to her repertoire Oxygen Media a cable channel, O – The Oprah Magazine, and the Oprah’s Book Club on-air reading club. All of these medias have the same core value – they all promote personal growth and share the life-enriching mission and message of the founder and guiding force of HARPO Productions Inc. – Oprah Winfrey. The fundamental believe of HARPO Productions Inc. is that media can make a positive difference and that individuals can change the world for better place. This includes the definition of social responsibility â€Å"to do the right things and act in ways that are good for society†. (textbook, pg 93) Some of the examples of making the world a better place are topics related to spirit, health, relationships, books, money, world, and community. For instant: Oprah is reaching out to her audience with plea to help children of abuse. She â€Å"initiated The National Child Protection Act†(www. fundinguniverse. com) in 1993, the Oprah Bill, which established a â€Å"national database of all convicted child abusers. † (www. fundinguniverse. om) Several of her shows were done on catching predators, child molesters, convicted child sexual offenders, and interviews with detectives and police officers dealing with this particular issue were Oprah asked her audience to help to catch these fugitives. The viewers respond was enormous because her listeners are mainly women and moms and for them the number one priority is the safety of their children. Another example would be the creation of â€Å"Oprah’s Angel Network† where Oprah is encouraging her audience to do charitable work (volunteer for Habitat for Humanity) and make â€Å"charitable financial contributions†(www. fundinguniverse. om) for example to provide scholarships for college students. Oprah understands that not everybody have means to help financially and therefore according to Look to The Stars, The World of Celebrity Giving â€Å"Oprah gave 300 members of her audience $1000 each to donate to a charity of their choice. † Also, she encourages her viewers to help out in their own communities by donating time and skills. There is no surprise why in 2004, Oprah Winfrey show became the top-rated day time talk show for 17 years with 48 million viewers, or why she was awarded with â€Å"Favorite Talk Show Host† at the 30th Annual People’s Choice Awards that year. The HARPO Productions Inc. Strategic Management Process of identifying companies mission, goal and strategy was extremely successful. According to â€Å"HARPO Creative Works† the â€Å"mission statement for Oprah Winfrey Show is to use television to transform people’s lives; to uplift, entertain and enlighten; to make viewers see themselves differently; and to bring a sense of fulfillment into every home. † If Oprah didn’t change the curse her show was heading, she would be probably stuck somewhere in between all the other similar day time talk shows as Maury Povich show or Martha Stewart show. This is exactly why HARPO Productions Inc. has been so triumphant. HARPO Productions Inc. competitive strategy is to be significantly different. Oprah successfully managed to differentiated her talk show from all the other shows that use scandalous, shallow, and sensational topics. She became an icon and yet stayed approachable at the same time. According to â€Å"Syndication’s Stars: Trustworthy And Influential† the â€Å"Influential Personality Index† illustrates how far ahead from other competitors Oprah’s personality ranked. Influential Personality Index Oprah Winfrey 554 Dr. Phil McGraw 306 Tyra Banks 236 Judge Cristina Perez 235 Ellen DeGeneres 223 Judge Lynn Toler 215 Judge Joe Brown 208 Judge Judy Sheindlin 195 Rachael Ray 187 Regis Philbin 186 The undeniable bond between her and her audience based on trust, honesty, and truth ensures loyal viewers. Moreover; the fact that Oprah shares her personal life, her personal struggles and AHA moments with her audience makes her even more human and real, therefore; her audience can relate, which creates even stronger connection in between the two. There are not that many talk show hosts that reveal the true ups and downs of their personal lives to their viewers. For example Martha Stewart is a convicted felon which makes her a less trustworthy as a role model. The strong connection is not limited to only U. S. audience. The Oprah Winfrey Show is available to over 120 countries worldwide. Some of the episodes focus on global issues and perspectives, which would be another area where Oprah show is differentiating itself from the other shows. The geocentric attitude episodes are focusing on women and the lifestyle in different countries, probable issues and problems women have to face on everyday basis, but also what might be enriching for U. S. women when they see what other cultures do, don’t do, or do differently. For that matter the show features â€Å"the world’s most engaging guests from the famous to everyday people all changing the world in which we live. † (harpocreativeworks. tv/info) Oprah is reaching out to every home on the planet with the mission â€Å"to make viewers see themselves differently; and to bring a sense of fulfillment. â€Å"(harpocreativeworks. tv/info) There is no other show that does that. The purpose of each show is to inspire the audience and let each message provoke an actions. The talk show host Oprah Winfrey with her dynamic personality has an unique power of â€Å"Magic Touch†. She can turn books into bestsellers, every product mentioned on her show experiences rocketing sales. According to Latif Lewis’ article from Daily Finance â€Å"an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show [illustrates] just how influential the media mogul can be on product sales†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. It’s quite amazing, the effect that a vote of confidence from one human being can have† on success of single product or business as a whole. Moreover; Oprah’s enormous competence consists in turning â€Å"no names† into a brand names. The article of Latif Lewis, â€Å"Oprah’s magic touch can make or break your business† talks about Lisa Price and her â€Å"beauty and skin-care line† and how this not so known beauty products had a very valuable promotion: â€Å"an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show†. After that, Lisa Price was experiencing extremely high demand for her products. She made some financial deals and her â€Å"company took off. Carol’s Daughter stores can now be found in several U. S. states and the products are carries in retailers like Sephora and Macy’s†. How to cite Harpo Productions Inc, Papers

Elasticity free essay sample

Elasticity of demand is the measure of consumer response to a change whether an increase or decrease in price. There are three categories that the response of the consumer can be grouped into: elastic, inelastic and unit elasticity. The calculation is relatively simple and the answer or the coefficient will be compared to the number 1. This number will always be positive and if our calculation gives us a negative number we take the absolute value. We divide the percent of change in demand by the percent change in price. For example if the price of milk went up 10 % and the change in demand went down by 1% we would divide . 10 by . 01. This would give us an answer of . 1. Given that . 1 is less than 1 we know that the good, in this case milk, would be inelastic. This means that over the short run price does not have a high impact on demand. If we were to look at a different good or service we may see different results. We will write a custom essay sample on Elasticity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example if the price of movie tickets increased by 10% and the demand decreased by 20% we would apply the same calculation. We would need to divide . 20 by . 1 which would give us a coefficient of 2. 2 is greater than 1 so we can say that this good falls into the category of being elastic. Although rare the third category that a good or service can fall into is called unit elasticity. Unit elasticity is when the percent change in price is equal to the percent change in demand. For example if the cost of books increased by 10 percent and the demand decreased by 10 percent then when we divided . 1 by. 1 we would get an answer of 1. When this happens we know that this item has unit elasticity. B. Cross price elasticity helps us determine the relationship between two different products. We calculate this by dividing the percent change in demand for product Y by the percent change of price in product X. This calculation will help us identify whether the products are substitute or complementary goods. Unlike our calculation for Elasticity of demand we compare our answer here to the number zero. We use both positive and negative numbers. If we were to compare movie tickets which had a 5 percent increase in price to popcorn which had a 10 % decrease in demand we would calculate this by dividing . 05 by -. 1 we get an answer of -2. This of course is less than zero so we know that these two products are categorized as complementary. C. Income elasticity is the measure of demand changes in comparison with the change in personal income. This will help us categorize products into two categories inferior and superior goods. This is also measure up against zero and allows for both positive and negative values. The calculation is done by dividing the percent change in demand of a specific product by the percent change in income. As an example if we were to see how consumers respond to a 10 percent increase in relation to demand for high definition televisions. If we were to suppose demand increased by 5 per cent we would calculate this by dividing . 05 by. 1 which would result in an answer of . 5. We know this item would be considered a normal or superior good since our answer is a positive number. If we were to look at the demand of DVD players in relation to a 10 percent increase in personal income and we have a 25 percent decrease in demand we would divide -. 25 by . 1 which would result in an answer of -2. 5. Since this number is less than zero we would categorize this product as an inferior good. D. Lets refer back to our earlier example using red and green grapes. When we performed our calculation we discovered â€Å"Availability of Substitutes† exists for red grapes. This means that there are options for substitutes that consumers find acceptable. If we go to Safe way and see that red grapes are 3 dollars more than green grapes it is reasonable to choose the green grapes. Since there are available substitutes that are easily accessible this keeps demand elastic E. â€Å"Proportion of Income Devoted to a Good† is a concept that looks at the percent of personal income that is dedicated to a particular good or service. We have been dealing with change in percentage so price can changes can appear equal but that can have significant impact depending on what the proportion of income is. F. For example each month I pay for my Netflix subscription. For this discussion let’s say it represents 1 percent of my income. I also pay 1600 dollars a month in rent each month. If both of these items were to experience a 10 percent price increase the impact would be very different. My Netflix would go from 10 to 12 dollars. This would be irritating but insignificant. My rent however, would go from 1600 to 1920 a month. This would be unsustainable for me to maintain. Over the short term I would more than likely have limited options such as first and last month saved etc. so I may get a roommate but over the long run I would have time to choose a more reasonably priced place to live that met my needs. Demand becomes more elastic over the long run because consumers have time to â€Å"shop around† and find other solutions. G. The price range the areas on the demand curve where demand is elastic is between $80 and $50 and the qty is between 1 and 4. The price range where the demand is unit elastic is between$50 and $40 and the qty is between 4 and 5. The area of the demand cure where demand is inelastic is between $40 and $0 dollars and the quantity is between 5 and 9. We can determine this one of two ways. First is by using the calculation we discussed earlier for elasticity of demand. Second would be to use the Total Revenue Test. When demand is elastic price will decrease while revenue increases. When demand is unit elastic price will decrease however revenue will remain the same. When demand becomes inelastic price will decrease as well as revenue.

Smoking and Adolescents

being australian essays

being australian essays What is the Australian National Identity? Who can decide what it is? Who is truly Australian? These questions have been asked throughout this countrys short life. Many have different views on what is what, but I believe that you cant really just say well this is what an Australian is and thats that. But there are definitely unique qualities about Australians that are evident. The booklet entitled Being Australian has many different representations on what is Australian, these are the images that ...During the colonial era, many of the true Australian qualities were shown. They showed, resourcefulness, independence, mateship, egalitarianism, and endurance to name a few...Distinct Australian qualities(traits) were seen to be identifiable and reflected the democratic and egalitarian values and aspirations of the people. There were other people with very strong views on what is Australian. By the term Australian we mean not just those who have been merely born in Australia. All white men who come to these shores- with a clean record- and who leave behind them the memory of class distinctions and the religious differences of the old world; all men who place the happiness, the prosperity, the advancement of their adopted country before the interests of imperialism are Australian. Then there were other people like Henry Lawson who described the typical Australian as having, pessimism, callousness, atheism and stoic endurance. But unfortunately, according to Fred Broomfields, Henry Lawson is not the seizer and historian of the typical Australian, simply because there is no such being...But these things are common to all isolated people. Fred Broomfields, also wrote that there is the typical small town Australian. ...

Unwritten Laws of Engineering and Laws of Personality Assignment - 5

Unwritten Laws of Engineering and Laws of Personality - Assignment Example Skakoon asserts that these laws are like the norms of a society, which cannot be violated through impunity on a frequent basis.There are three major dimensions of unwritten laws of engineering that need to be taken into consideration. The first essence of unwritten engineering law that needs to be given consideration by engineers is: Lessons that need to be learned by beginners in the engineering field; these lessons cover three major issues, which are:   - Issues related to their work: Beginners in the engineering field are required to give their first duty, no matter how minor they may appear, a high sense of commitments and professionalism.   - Issues ascribed to their supervisors: According to Skakoon 2001, engineering supervisors have the right to know the level of progress of activities in their departments. In this regard, beginners in the engineering field are required to ensure that their supervisors are kept up-to-date on issues affecting their duties (10).   - An interpersonal relationship between them and their colleagues as well as their supervisors: In addition, Skakoon asserts that beginners in the engineering field should endure that they maintain a good inter-personal relationship between their colleagues and other stakeholders. This can be achieved through proper communication techniques and keeping an information update.Another dimension of unwritten laws of engineering is the chiefly relationship with engineering managers. The article explicates three techniques that can be applied to achieve this, they include:  Ã‚   - Technique and Individual Behavior: According to Skakoon 2001, the need to know about what is going on by a manager in an engineering department is another unwritten law of engineering. This can be achieved through collaborations and facilitating a positive relationship between the manager and their subordinate staff (23).   - What managers owe their employees: Skakoon notes that engineering managers are the face of their organizations. In this regard, they are required to facilitate a positive representation of their subordinate staff.

Fair Trade Degree Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fair Trade Degree - Essay Example While the banks do not accept that the unfairness rules of the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contract Regulations apply, the OFT argue that such rules apply. A swift determination of this issue will assist expeditiously resolve the fairness issue of these charges.2 The 1999 Regulations, implementing the Directive, revoked and replaced the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contract Regulations 1994. The 1999 Regulations apply in relation to terms in contracts concluded between a seller or a supplier and a consumer (Regulation 4(1)). Regulation 5(1) provides: "A contractual term which has not been individually negotiated shall be regarded as unfair if, contrary to the requirement of good faith, it causes a significant imbalance in the parties' rights and obligations arising under the contract, to the detriment of the consumer." Regulation 5(5) provides that Schedule 2 to the 1999 Regulations contains an indicative and non-exhaustive list of the terms which may be regarded as unfair. Regulation 8(1) provides that an unfair term in a contract concluded with a consumer by a seller or supplier shall not be binding on the consumer. Regulation 8(2) provides that the contract shall continue to bind the parties if it is capable of continuing in existence without the unfair term. The only material exception to the applicability of the test of fairness set out in 1999 Regulations is contained in Regulation 6(2) relating to what are called, for short, "core terms": "In so far as it is in plain intelligible language, the assessment of fairness of a term shall not relate- (a) to the definition of the main subject matter of the contract, or (b) to the adequacy of the price or remuneration, as against the goods or services supplied in exchange". Banks enter into personal current account agreements with their customers who are consumers, containing the terms and conditions relating to the operation of those current accounts by such customers. In so far as any of these terms and charges are contained in documents which are described as notices to, guides to, or communications with, customers, they are nevertheless to be considered as terms of a contract between the Bank and its customers for the purposes of the 1999 Regulations, whether or not they are described as terms or as "policies of the bank" or as anything else. The Banks' current account agreements typically provide or provided for three types of payments to be demanded from customers in connection with unauthorised overdrafts: A fee charged by Banks: (a) when a customer seeks to operate his current account in a way that will result in the account being debited despite there being insufficient available funds to support the debit but the Bank nevertheless agrees to ef fect payment, causing the account to go into overdraft or further overdraft, or to exceed, or further exceed, an already agreed overdraft limit; when a customer moves into or is in an unauthorised overdrawn position within a specified period. A returned item fee, e.g. as in the previous case, a cheque is presented but in this case the Bank declines to authorise payment because there are insufficient funds, and the cheque has to be returned to the payee marked "R/D" or "RDPR" or "Effects uncleared". An increased rate of interest charged on unauthorised overdrafts granted in the circumstances set out above. The provisions in the

Undercover Police Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Undercover Police Work - Essay Example when unaccountability in such an area may lead to impractical situations, thereby defeating the aim and purpose of such an act being authorized in the first place. As for ethics, secret operations may be criticized on the basis that such they interfere with a person’s right to privacy and goes on tamper and infringe other’s right. This would be apparent in situations where such acts are found to be on erroneous or based on incorrect information. Furthermore, such acts lead to moral uncertainties. As such operations may lead to corruption of the police officer, disciplinary problems and psychological issues. These are clear cut suggestions that ethical problems do arise when undercover police operations take place. Even though it may be argued that facilitative operations and authorized criminality are necessary for upkeep of law, there are clear cut ethical as well as practical issues, some of which might be tackled and borne in mind before supporting such

Sustainable Architecture And Passive Housing Construction Essay

Sustainable Architecture And Passive Housing Construction Essay In the daily life, a lot of people past by some of these words: sustainable architecture or green buildings; however, they dont the meaning of it. For that reason, Ive decided to write about passive housing, which is a type of sustainable architecture. But before starting discussing the topic, a brief introduction to sustainable architecture will be given. There are a lot of definitions for sustainable architecture; nevertheless, there are two definitions that simple and exact idea about it. The first one is Environmentally-friendly houses and commercial buildings that are designed and built using sustainable building technologies, sustainable building materials, and sustainable energy systems, that dont burden future generations with environmental and financial debts. (Sustainable Architecture) And other defection was defined by architect Robert Berkebile, Sustainable Architecture is a design that improves the quality of life today, without diminishing it for the next generation. (Sustainable Architecture) In short, sustainable architecture is a way of building house and commercial buildings to save the environment for the future. Sustainable architecture isnt a new technology. It started developing in Europe since almost 500 years ago. It started by simple idea, which indicates how houses can be cool in summer and warm in winter by using minimum energy. Now days, they have more complicated ideas such as: producing their own electricity and recycling waste. That is because of the new technological advances, human has been developing over the years. There are three types of sustainable architecture mostly common and they are: zero energy buildings, passive housing and law energy housing. Is sustainable architecture that important to be developing for all of these years? In fact, its an important factor of saving the environment from depletion. According to the National American Homebuilders Association, a typical, (non-sustainable) stick-built or wood-frame home was 2,085 square feet and required  more than one acre of trees/forest; moreover, the waste created during the construction of this typical home averages between 3 tons to 7 tons, for every new house built. It only saves construction materials, but also reduces the consumption of energy and water. Passive house have one main principle which is reduce the energy lost in the house. But how can it be done. Its done by isolating the building and using the energy of people and the households. Passive house is very energy efficient because it use only 10% of energy that regular house use. This amount of energy is used for heating, hot water, and household electricity. In May 1988, Professors Bo Adamson of Lund University, Sweden, and Dr. Wolfgang Feist of the Institut fà ¼r Wohnen und Umwelt (Institute for Housing and the Environment) had a conversation about the Passive House standard originated. As result of the conversation, they developed the concept of passive housing by doing many research projects which have been supported financially by the German state of Hesse. The first passive house buildings were built in 1990 in Darmstadt, Germany. The Passivhaus Institut (the passive house institute) was established in September 1996. The concept of passive housing became more commercialized and following the  European Union  sponsored  CEPHEUS  project in winter of 2000-2001. Moreover, in 2003 the first passive house was built in North America, Urbana, Illinois. Since the institute was founded, 15,000 passive houses were built worldwide. Most of these houses were built in Germany andAustria. Figure Time Line of the History of Passive Housing The Design of Passive Housing There are mainly two key elements from designing a passive house, which are the orientation of the building and the construction material. The Orientation of the Building: The first feature that should be considered before building a passive house is the orientation of the house that is because it is the key of the utmost energy production. Since the solar energy is the most reliable energy for the house, the house should be directed to the sun. On the other hand, the wind also should be considered because it can cool the house during winter. For these reasons, the house is directed to the east-west axis and most of the windows are ought to be on the south wall of the house. In this way, the house will get maximum of sunlight and minimum of wind entering the house. Although, these conditions work perfectly in winter, there is other condition should be thought of in summer which is shading. Shading is important because it reduces the sunlight getting into the house. This is the main technique that passive house uses to heat and cool itself. The Construction Material: Figure How passive house works? As any ordinary house, passive house has the same basic building material, but it is only enhanced to maximize the energy gained and minimize the lost. Concrete, bricks and stone are the basic material for building a passive house because they can absorb the energy from the sun fully and gradually. As result of the long period of energy absorbing, a phenomenon which is called lag happens. Lag is the warm sunlight which was absorbed during the day then released slowly during the night. There three types of windows glass and they are: one pane, two pane and three pane windows. One pane and two pane windows are commonly used in normal houses; however, three pane windows are used in passive house. Moreover, they are made from three glass panes which are split by air or Argon gas. This makes the window more insulated that prevents cold air getting in and decreasing the heat getting out. Because of the house is insulated, Mechanical Ventilation is used in the house to proved fresh air and heat. It gets fresh air from and takes out the polluted air from the house while it heat the fresh air by absorbing the heat from the polluted air. Also, all passive houses have solar panels that convert the sun light to electricity that serves the house. Moreover, some of the houses have wind tribunes which also provide it with electricity. The wind tribunes are installed only if the area where the house is built has sufficient amount of wind. There are many advantages of building house passively. The cost of electricity is very low which is about 100à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ a year. Also, it is eco-friendly because it uses less electricity and that lead to less consumption of petroleum product, nature gas, coal and wood. These products release a lot Carbon Dioxide (CO2) that pollute the air which leads to global warming. In addition, it improved the sustainability of the house. Furthermore, it helps people who have allergies by reducing their symptoms. It is reduced because the air ventilation system cleans the air from dust are pollution. However, there is one disadvantage of passive housing that is air tightness, so without an efficient air ventilation system that keep the air clean and preserve an excellent humidity percentage in the house. Conclusion To summarize, sustainable architecture is the way of building without harming the environment. There are many ways of sustainable architecture, and one of them is passive housing. It has one key principle which is minimizing the energy lost from the house. Passive housing is new trend which started in 1988. The standards of passive housing are set by Professors Bo Adamson and Dr. Wolfgang Feist. The standards of passive housing have two main ideas which are the orientation of the building and the construction material. The cost of passive housing is higher than a normal house by 5-15%. Eco friendly and cost efficiency are advantages of passive housing, but air tightness is a disadvantage.

plotlear Parallel Plots of Shakespeares King Lear Essay examples --

The Parallel Plots of Shakespeare's King Lear   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many works of literature contain parallel plots in which similar actions taken by various characters precipitate identical results.   Upon careful examination, it is evident that â€Å"such plots exist in Shakespeare's play King Lear with the deaths of King Lear, Cordelia, Edmund, and Goneril, among others† (Curry 17).   The betrayal of a commitment to an authority figure is the cause behind each of the above characters' death.   Likewise, the consistent loyalty of Kent, the Fool, and Edgar is rewarded when they outlive their traitorous peers. King Lear, who as a divine-right king derives his power from God, betrays God's will when he transfers his kingdom to his daughters, Reagan and Goneril.   When Lear states that his purpose in doing so is "To shake all cares and business from our age, / Conferring them on younger strengths while we / Unburdened crawl toward death." (Shakespeare 2) he declares his intention to delegate his power so that he is no longer bothered with great responsibilities.   In this self-serving act, Lear is unfaithful to God, whose wish it was for Lear to rule for a lifetime.   Later, God's wrath is apparent in Act III Scene II when Lear speaks to a tempest, a manifestation of God's anger at the strife within the kingdom, and tells it to "Rumble thy bellyful! Spit, fire! Spout rain! / Nor rain, wind, thunder, fire are my daughters" (Shakespeare 60).  Ã‚   Evidently, upon seeing the tempest, Lear is aware that he made a mistake and betrayed God's trust.   In speaking to the tempest, he asks for God to correct the situation by causing Reagan and Goneril to fall from power.   As a result of his unfaithfulness to God, Lear dies of a broken heart in the end of ... ...the conclusion of the play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As is by now apparent, there are a multitude of parallel plots within Shakespeare's play King Lear.   In each plot, a character's breach of loyalty condemned the character to certain death in the final scene of the play.   Several of the characters who exhibited treachery and later died were King Lear, Cordelia, Edmund, and Goneril.   Accordingly, Kent, the Fool, Edgar, and Albany all survived the play because they did not cast aside their loyalties. Works Cited and Consulted Bradley, A.C. Shakespearean Tragedy. Macmillan & Co., 1965 Curry, Walter. Studies of the Structure of Shakespeare. London: Mass Peter  Smith, 1968.  Ã‚   Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of King Lear.   Ed. Russell Fraser.   New York: Penguin, 1998. Webster, Margaret. Shakespeare Without Tears. Greenwich: Fawcett Publications, Inc., 1996.